Brainard GC, Hanifin JP, Greeson JM, et al. 2001. Action spectrum for melatonin regulation in humans. Journal of Neuroscience 21(16):6405-6412. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-16-06405.2001.
Thapan K, Arendt J, Skene DJ. 2001. An action spectrum for melatonin suppression: evidence for a novel non-rod, non-cone photoreceptor system in humans. Journal of Physiology 535(1):261-267. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-1-00261.x.
Lockley SW, Brainard GC, Czeisler CA. 2003. High sensitivity of the human circadian melatonin rhythm to resetting by short-wavelength light. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 88(9):4502-4505. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030570.
Gooley JJ, Rajaratnam SMW, Brainard GC, et al. 2010. Spectral responses of the human circadian system depend on the irradiance and duration of exposure to light. Science Translational Medicine 2(31):31ra33. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3000741.
Cajochen C, Frey S, Anders D, et al. 2011. Evening exposure to an LED-backlit computer screen affects circadian physiology and cognitive performance. Journal of Applied Physiology 110(5):1432-1438. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00165.2011.
Chang A-M, Aeschbach D, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA. 2015. Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA112(4):1232-1237. doi:10.1073/pnas.1418490112
Cajochen C, Münch M, Kobialka S, et al. 2005. High sensitivity of human melatonin, alertness, thermoregulation, and heart rate to short-wavelength light. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 90(3):1311-1316. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0957.
Revell VL, Eastman CI. 2006. Advancing human circadian rhythms with afternoon melatonin and morning intermittent bright light. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91(1):54-59. doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1009.
Sasseville A, Hébert M, et al. 2006. Blue-blocker glasses impede the capacity of bright light to suppress melatonin production. Journal of Pineal Research 41(1):73-78. doi:10.1111/j.1600-079X.2006.00332.x.
Chellappa SL, Steiner R, Blattner P, Oelhafen P, Götz T, Cajochen C. 2011. Non-visual effects of light on melatonin, alertness and cognitive performance: can blue-enriched light keep us alert? PLoS ONE 6(1):e16429. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016429.
Viola AU, James LM, Schlangen LJM, Dijk DJ. 2008. Blue-enriched white light in the workplace improves self-reported alertness, performance and evening fatigue. Chronobiology International 25(4): 771-785. doi:10.1080/07420520802244800
Smolders KCHJ, de Kort YAW, Cluitmans PJM. 2012. A higher illuminance induces alertness even during office hours. Physiology & Behavior 107(1):7-16. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.04.028.
St. Hilaire MA, Gooley JJ, Kronauer RE, et al. 2022. The spectral sensitivity of human circadian phase resetting and melatonin suppression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 119(48):e2205301119. doi:10.1073/pnas.2205301119.
Grant LK, Rahman SA, Guilleminault C, et al. 2021. Daytime exposure to short-wavelength-enriched light improves cognitive performance in sleep-restricted college-aged adults. Frontiers in Neuroscience 15:613689. doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.613689.
Sletten TL, Raman B, Magee M, et al. 2021. A blue-enriched, increased intensity light intervention to improve alertness and performance in rotating night shift workers in an operational setting. Nature and Science of Sleep13:647-657. doi:10.2147/NSS.S287097.
Lin JB, Gerratt BW, Bassi CJ, Apte RS. 2017. Short-wavelength light-blocking eyeglasses attenuate symptoms of eye fatigue. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 58(1):442-447. doi:10.1167/iovs.16-20663.
van der Lely S, Frey S, Garbazza C, et al. 2015. Blue blocker glasses as a countermeasure for alerting effects of evening LED screen exposure in male teenagers. Journal of Adolescent Health 56(1):113-119. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.002.
Henriksen TEG, Skrede S, Fasmer OB, et al. 2016. Blue-blocking glasses as additive treatment for mania: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Bipolar Disorders 18(3):221-232. doi:10.1111/bdi.12390.
Shechter A, Kim EW, St-Onge M-P, Westwood AJ. 2018. Blocking nocturnal blue light for insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychiatric Research 96:196-202. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.09.017.
Mason IC, Grimaldi D, Reid KJ, et al. 2022. Light exposure during sleep impairs cardiometabolic function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 119(12):e2113290119. doi:10.1073/pnas.2113290119.
O’Hagan JB, Khazova M, Price LL. 2016. Low-energy light bulbs, computers, tablets and the blue light hazard. Eye30(2):230-233. doi:10.1038/eye.2015.261.
Tosini G, Ferguson I, Tsubota K. 2016. Effects of blue light on the circadian system and eye physiology. Molecular Vision 22:61-72.
Lee SI, Matsumori K, Nishimura K, et al. 2018. Melatonin suppression and sleepiness in children exposed to blue-enriched white LED lighting at night. Physiology & Behavior 196:1-6. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.08.003.
Higuchi S, Motohashi Y, Liu Y, Maeda A. 2014. Influence of light at night on melatonin suppression in children compared with adults. Journal of Applied Physiology 117(10):1242-1248. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00548.2014.
Mahmoud BH, Ruvolo E, Hexsel CL, et al. 2010. Impact of long-wavelength UVA and visible light on melanocompetent skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 130(8):2092-2097. doi:10.1038/jid.2010.139.
Duteil L, Cardot-Leccia N, Queille-Roussel C, et al. 2014. Differences in visible light-induced pigmentation according to wavelengths: a clinical and histological study in comparison with UVB exposure. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 134(12):2951-2958. doi:10.1038/jid.2014.275.
Regazzetti C, Sormani L, Debayle D, et al. 2018. Melanocytes sense blue light and regulate pigmentation through opsin-3. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 138(1):171-178. doi:10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.833.
Özdeslik RN, Olinski LE, Trieu MM, et al. 2019. Human nonvisual opsin 3 regulates pigmentation in human epidermal melanocytes. Current Biology 29(21): 1-9 (e.g., 3299-3307.e7). doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.033.
Lim HW, Kohli I, Sivamani RK, et al. 2021. Photoprotection of the skin from visible light-induced damage with sunscreens. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 141(11):2691-2693. doi:10.1016/j.jid.2021.06.009.
Dumbuya H, Amini S, Baki G, Sivamani RK, Berman B. 2020. Impact of iron-oxide containing formulations against visible light-induced skin pigmentation in skin of color individuals. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology19(7):712-718.
Schalka S, Addor FAS, Bussoletti-Descombes P, et al. 2019. A novel method for evaluating sun visible light protection of tinted sunscreens. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine 35(4):198-206. doi:10.1111/phpp.12461.
Lyons AB, Trullas C, Kohli I, Hamzavi IH, Lim HW. 2021. A review of tinted sunscreens. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 84(5):1394-1402. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.11.036.
Narla S, Kohli I, Hamzavi IH, Lim HW. 2020. Visible light in photodermatology. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 19(1): 99-104. doi:10.1039/C9PP00425D.
Chauhan A, Bhagwat PV, Singh A, et al. 2021. Role of visible light on skin melanocytes: a systematic review. Photochemistry and Photobiology 97(4):873-884. doi:10.1111/php.13454. (Wiley Online Library
He X, de la Cruz Valbuena G, Farhat M, et al. 2023. The emerging role of visible light in melanocyte biology. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 11:1190188. doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1190188.
Duteil L, Queille-Roussel C, Lacour JP, Passeron T. 2020. Short-term exposure to blue light emitted by electronic devices does not worsen melasma: randomized clinical trial. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology82(2): 362-364. (Abstracted). doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2019.08.010.
Dong X, Liu T, Hao G, et al. 2022. OPN3 regulates melanogenesis in human congenital melanocytic nevus cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 142(12):3467-3477.e6. doi:10.1016/j.jid.2022.08.024.
Goldberg DJ, Russell BA. 2006. Combination blue (415 nm) and red (633 nm) LED phototherapy in the treatment of mild to severe acne vulgaris. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 8(2):71-75. doi:10.1080/14764170600735912.
Lee SY, You CE, Park MY. 2007. Blue and red light combination LED phototherapy for acne vulgaris in patients with skin phototype IV. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 39(2):180-188. doi:10.1002/lsm.20412.
Scott AM, Stehlik P, Clark J, et al. 2019. Blue-light therapy for acne vulgaris: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Family Medicine 17(6):545-553. doi:10.1370/afm.2453.
Pei S, Inamadar AC, Adya KA, et al. 2015. Light-based therapies in acne treatment. Indian Dermatology Online Journal 6(3):145-157. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.156388.
Lucas RJ, Peirson SN, Berson DM, et al. 2014. Measuring and using light in the melanopsin age. Trends in Neurosciences 37(1):1-9. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2013.10.004.
al Enezi J, Revell V, Brown T, Wynne J, Schlangen L, Lucas RJ. 2011. A “melanopic” spectral efficiency function predicts the sensitivity of melanopsin photoreceptors to polychromatic lights. Journal of Biological Rhythms26(4):314-323. doi:10.1177/0748730411409719.
Trinh VQ, Milner T, Westland S, et al. 2023. Determination and measurement of melanopic equivalent daylight (D65) illuminance (mEDI). Sensors 23(9):4766. doi:10.3390/s23094766.
Schlangen LJM, Price LLA. 2021. The lighting environment, its metrology, and non-visual effects—what we know and what we need. Lighting Research & Technology 53(1):109-131. doi:10.1177/1477153520956787.
Newman LA, Walker MT, Brown RL, Cronin TW, Robinson PR. 2003. Melanopsin forms a functional short-wavelength photopigment. Neuron 39(5): 1-6 (e.g., 853-864). doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00476-2.
Do MTH, Yau K-W. 2019. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. Neuron 104(2):205-226. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.07.016.
Vetter C, Juda M, Lang D, et al. 2011. Blue-enriched office light competes with natural light as a zeitgeber. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 37(5):437-445. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3144.
de Kort YAW, Smolders KCHJ. 2010. Effects of dynamic lighting on office workers: first results of a field study. Lighting Research & Technology 42(3):345-360. doi:10.1177/1477153510378150. (SAGE Journals
Crowley SJ, Molina TA, Burgess HJ. 2014. A clinical trial of a brief morning bright light treatment with afternoon melatonin to treat delayed sleep-wake phase disorder: phase advancing human circadian rhythms. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 10(6): 1-8 (e.g., 699-706). doi:10.5664/jcsm.3820.
